-sector employment and have helped raise standards of living. However, the growth model has involved costs: the public-sector wage bill … is relatively high, there is limited employment of nationals in the private sector, labor productivity has declined or …

This paper discusses tax and expenditure policy reforms to raise employment. Using data for 58 advanced and emerging …. The focus is on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment … principles which should guide the design of country-specific fiscal reforms to boost employment. A comprehensive set of tables on …

Europe is facing slower growth as a result of protracted financial turbulence and spillovers from the U.S. Meanwhile … risks to real activity with the need to anchor inflation. Emerging Europe is well placed to continue to grow, albeit at a …

Europe's contraction is ending, but the recovery is fragile. Policymakers should look beyond the crisis to secure a …

This paper examines the impact of the opening up of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union on Western Europe. The …

implications of current policies for future public finances. This could be problematic, including in the case of Europe, where …, even in excess of its GDP level, and is projected to worsen further over time. This suggests that Europe’s current policies …