This paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility. We incorporate a multi … exchange rate volatility depends on relative technological differences and trade costs. These differences highlight a new … volatility. We then test the importance of this channel using a large panel of cross-country data over 1970-97, and find strong …

, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments …

This paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility. The channel is examined by constructing … higher trade costs result in a larger nontradable sector. This, in turn, leads to higher real exchange rate volatility. We …

This paper studies the impact of the level and volatility of the commodity terms of trade on economic growth, as well … of trade growth enhances real output per capita, volatility exerts a negative impact on economic growth operating mainly … trade volatility offset the positive impact of commodity booms; and export diversification of primary commodity abundant …

This paper analyzes reasons for the high post-war correlations of saving and investment, both across countries and over …

results from the requirement that non-traded inputs are used in the investment process. In the short-run, though, the effects …

developing countries (EMDCs) facing liquidity shortages. In the context of intensified demand for liquidity and heightened global … uncertainty, staff has revisited the 2017 proposal for a new facility to provide liquidity support to the Fund's membership. This … paper proposes the establishment of a new Short-term Liquidity Line (SLL) as a special facility in the General Resources …