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Policy Reform, Shadow Prices, and Market Prices

International Monetary Fund - 1988

How should possible policy reforms and projects be assessed when prices give misleading signals? Revenues and costs at market prices then give distorted measures of social gains and losses and our appraisal should use social opportunity costs, or correctly defined, shadow prices. We show how...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396134

Robust Versus Optimal Rules in Monetary Policy: A Note

International Monetary Fund - 2004

We provide a framework for analyzing the choice between optimal and robust monetary policy rules in the presence of paradigm uncertainty. We first discuss the conditions on uncertainty that render a robust rule preferable to an optimal rule. Second, we show how the degree of risk aversion of the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014401324

Market-Oriented Reform of Foreign Trade in Planned Economies

International Monetary Fund - 1990

This paper reviews the main features of market-oriented foreign trade reforms in planned economies. It considers reform initiatives aimed at expanding enterprise autonomy and breaking up the state monopoly of foreign trade, modifying the exchange rate system, and reforming the domestic price...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396296

Czech Republic, Republic of Estonia, Hungary, Republic of Latvia, Republic of Lithuania, Republic of Poland, Slovak Republic, and Republic of Slovenia : Export Structure and Credit...

International Monetary Fund - 2006

Of the new members entering the European Union (EU) in May 2004, several had achieved a decade of impressive export growth, expanding significantly their shares of world markets. The empirical analysis shows that over the period 1994–2004, quality and technology upgrading associated with the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014404829

Competition in Indian Banking

International Monetary Fund - 2005

It is widely perceived that competition in the Indian banking sector has increased since the inception of the financial … competitive conditions and earns revenues as if under monopolistic competition …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400691

Assessing Competitiveness Using Industry Unit Labor Costs : An Application to Slovakia

International Monetary Fund - 2012

Conceptual ambiguities and statistical weaknesses hamper the assessment of external competitiveness. The term competitiveness, while applied extensively, is often imprecisely defined, which can result in analytical errors and mistaken policy advice. Furthermore, aggregate statistical measures of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396613

Italy : Assessing Competition and Efficiency in the Banking System

International Monetary Fund - 2007

The paper assesses the degree of banking competition and efficiency in Italy?over time as well as compared to that in … other countries, such as France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The paper finds competition in …. The degree of competition falls within the range of estimates for a set of comparator countries. Greater contestability …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400137

Competitiveness in the Baltics in the Run-Up to EU Accession

International Monetary Fund - 2003

This paper analyzes competitiveness in the Baltics in the run-up to European Union accession. Several factors appear to have driven movements in equilibrium real exchange rates in the Baltics since the start of the transition process. In the earlier years of transition, price liberalization,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014407140

Republic of Kazakhstan : Financial Sector Assessment Program Update—Technical Note—Bank Profitability and Competition

International Monetary Fund - 2004

competition in the banking sector. In spite of significant gains in efficiency made in recent years, operational costs and …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014407263

Impact of EMU on selected non-European Union countries

Feldman, Robert A. (contributor); … - International Monetary Fund - 1998

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10000678483

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