implications of current policies for future public finances. This could be problematic, including in the case of Europe, where …, even in excess of its GDP level, and is projected to worsen further over time. This suggests that Europe’s current policies …

Europe is facing slower growth as a result of protracted financial turbulence and spillovers from the U.S. Meanwhile … risks to real activity with the need to anchor inflation. Emerging Europe is well placed to continue to grow, albeit at a …

Europe's contraction is ending, but the recovery is fragile. Policymakers should look beyond the crisis to secure a …

This Selected Issues paper reviews developments in health care spending in France and discusses the recent measures to … past reforms, the new measures offer a reasonable hope of containing France’s health expenditures. The paper presents a …

This paper describes economic developments in France during 1990–95. Partner country demand recovered markedly in the …

This paper describes economic developments in France during the 1990s. The recovery of activity that took hold in the …

This Selected Issues paper addresses the question of what policy changes in France are needed under European Monetary … stabilizers in France under EMU. The main conclusions is that over the past two and a half decades, fiscal policy operated in a … clear countercyclical way in France, but this reflected essentially the functioning of automatic stabilizers …

competitiveness, and also examines the labor market dynamics and economic policy of France …

This Selected Issues paper analyzes developments and issues in banking and financial markets in France. The paper … sequencing of financial sector modernization. The analysis concludes that, on balance, France has successfully modernized its …