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Risk, Resources, and Education : Public Versus Private Financing of Higher Education

International Monetary Fund - 1999

This paper develops a public education scheme that takes uncertainty aspects of private educational investments explicitly into account. In the author’s framework, the social merits of public education schemes are related to the lack of markets in which students can insure against educational...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400865

Anticipation and Surprises in Central Bank Interest Rate Policy : The Case of the Bundesbank

International Monetary Fund - 1998

Market reaction to a change in official interest rates will depend on the extent to which the change is anticipated, and on how it is interpreted as a signal of future policy. In this paper, a technique is developed to separate the anticipated and unanticipated components of such changes and is...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400820

Sterilizing Capital inflows

International Monetary Fund - 1997

Developing countries fortunate enough to experience capital inflows haveseen rising levels of investment and enhanced economic growth. Capitalinflows have a negative side, however, in that they tend to appreciatethe domestic currency, making exports less competitive, and to encourageinflation....

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014402762

External Adjustment and the Optimal Demand for International Reserves

International Monetary Fund - 1989

This paper provides a theoretical underpinning for the major determinants of optimal reserve demand in the case where fundamental disequilibrium constitutes a key element governing reserve management. Emphasis is given to the role of reserves to smooth the process of economic adjustment by...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396133

Trade Costs and Real Exchange Rate Volatility : The Role of Ricardian Comparative Advantage

International Monetary Fund - 2005

This paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility. We incorporate a multi-country Ricardian model of trade, based on the work of Eaton and Kortum (2002), into a macroeconomic model to show how bilateral real exchange rate volatility depends on relative technological...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014399797

Corruption and Military Spending

International Monetary Fund - 2000

Anecdotal evidence relates corruption with high levels of military spending. This paper tests empirically whether such a relationship exists. The empirical analysis is based on data from four different sources for up to 120 countries in the period 1985–98. The association between military...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014399916

Neglected Heterogeneity and Dynamics in Cross-Country Savings Regressions

International Monetary Fund - 1999

This paper examines the extent to which conclusions of cross-country studies of private savings are robust to allowing for the possible heterogeneity of savings behavior across countries and the inclusion of dynamics. It shows that neglecting heterogeneity and dynamics can lead to misleading...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400163

Small States Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change : Role for the IMF

International Monetary Fund - 2016

Small developing states are disproportionately vulnerable to natural disasters. On average, the annual cost of disasters for small states is nearly 2 percent of GDP-more than four times that for larger countries. This reflects a higher frequency of disasters, adjusted for land area, as well as...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014408600

Large Natural Disasters : Enhancing the Financial Safety Net for Developing Countries

International Monetary Fund - 2017

The Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) and Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) are valuable components of the disaster risk … access limits of 60 percent of quota under the RCF and RFI for countries experiencing severe natural disaster-related damages …. The focus of this paper is to specify the threshold of damage from a natural disaster that would allow members …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014408736

Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust-Second Tranche Of Debt Service Relief In The Context Of The COVID-19 Pandemic

International Monetary Fund - 2020

This paper proposes that the Executive Board approve the disbursement of a second 6-month tranche of CCRT debt service relief to 28 of the 29 members, covering the period October 14, 2020 through April 13, 2021, given staff's assessment that sufficient financial resources are available.2 In this...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014408890

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