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This paper develops and tests two efficiency wage models of corruption in the civil service. Under fair wage models, civil service wages are an important determinant of corruption. Under shirking models, the level of wages is of secondary importance, as potential bribes dwarf wage income. The...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400303
This paper suggests that it is essential to save a substantial portion of mineral revenues now to ensure fiscal sustainability for a post-diamond period. Taking the non-mineral primary balance into account can help clarify desirable fiscal policies. Botswana’s real effective exchange rate is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014405503
Poverty and unemployment remained high in Botswana. The shortcomings of the labor market policies are responsible for a … high unemployment rate. This selected issues paper sheds considerable light on ways that Botswana can enhance inclusive … growth and reduce the high level of structural unemployment. Botswana was identified as having been able to sustain the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014395662
The Southern African Customs Union (SACU), the oldest customs union in the world, comprises Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland (known as the BLNS countries), and South Africa. This Selected Issues paper analyzes how policy has responded to the positive SACU revenue shock. It discusses the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014406659
various tax rates lead to lower budget deficits in the long run, as a result of an expanding tax base and lower unemployment …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014401626
This Selected Issues paper analyzes labor market policies and unemployment dynamics in Spain. It provides a brief …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014397971
This paper examines the potential contribution of unemployment hysteresis theories to the understanding of the Belgian …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014398156
The methodology used in this paper has three distinguishing features: the natural rate of unemployment and potential …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396053
This paper presents empirical estimates of the policy and structural determinants of the natural rate of unemployment … real wages to their equilibrium level. Estimates are presented showing how the generosity of the unemployment insurance … system is related to past levels of unemployment. The empirical results indicate that government policies have been largely …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396305
relatively minor intervention can dramatically increase the fragility of jobs, the length of unemployment spells, as well as the … extent of unemployment and labor market churning. With institutions of the type studied here common across many different …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014404032