As a companion piece to the Board paper on Structural Reforms and Macroeconomic Performance: Initial Considerations for the Fund, this paper presents a selection of case studies on the structural reform experiences of member countries. These papers update the Board on work since the Triennial...

Since 1978 the Chinese economy has grown on average more than 9 percenta year. Per capita income has nearly quadrupled in the past 15 years andsome analysts predict that within 20 years the Chinese economy will belarger than that of the United States. This pamphlet analyzes the reasonsfor the...

Rodriguez and Rodrik (2000) argue that the relation between openness and growth is still an open question. One of the main problems in the assessment of the effect is the endogeneity of the relation. In order to address this issue, this paper applies the identification through heteroskedasticity...

The role of trade in the global economy is at a critical juncture. Increased trade integration helped to drive economic growth in advanced and developing economies in the latter part of the 20th century. Since the early 2000's, however, a slowdown in the pace of trade reform, a post-crisis...

Efforts to liberalize world trade are increasingly focusing on strengthening the links between low-income countries’ trade policies and their development strategies. However, although greater trade openness promises faster growth for poor countries, it also presents risks to those with small...

Der Länderbericht des IMF über Turkmenistan beschreibt das wirtschaftliche Umfeld des Landes. In einzelnen Kapiteln wird auf die jüngere wirtschaftliche Entwicklung eingegangen, die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen für die Wirtschaftspolitik dargestellt und das Wirtschaftsreformprogramm...

Die Ukraine beantragte die Mitgliedschaft im IMF und der Weltbankgruppe am 19.Dezember 1991. Im Januar 1992 besuchte ein IMF-Expertenteam Kiew, um die künftige Wirtschaftspolitik zu besprechen, die Wirtschaftsstatistiken zusammenzustellen und Vorschläge für Maßnahmen zu unterbreiten. Der...