-sector employment and have helped raise standards of living. However, the growth model has involved costs: the public-sector wage bill … is relatively high, there is limited employment of nationals in the private sector, labor productivity has declined or …

This paper discusses tax and expenditure policy reforms to raise employment. Using data for 58 advanced and emerging …. The focus is on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment … principles which should guide the design of country-specific fiscal reforms to boost employment. A comprehensive set of tables on …

proposed set of “second-generation” reforms for Africa. In the post-colonial era the quality of governance has seriously …

Since the mid-1970s the annual inflation rate in Africa has averaged more than 15 percent, with many countries …

of exchange rate developments under the regimes, some related concerns with respect to urban income and employment …