This note reflects macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts presented with the April 2009 World Economic Outlook, as well as …

in commodity and asset prices, are leading to sharp increases in deficits and debt stocks around the world. Expansionary … on the April 2009 World Economic Outlook to quantify the fiscal implications of the crisis for a cross-section of …

The easing of controls on interest rates has led to higher interest rate volatility in India. Hence, there is a need to … assess the interest rate risk carried by a sample of Indian banks in March 2002. We find evidence of substantial exposure to …

increase in protectionist pressures, and the disappointing performance of world trade, renewed concern has been expressed about …

systemic financial risk. Benefits, such as enhanced investment and consumption smoothing, tend to be greater for countries … national level, robust macroprudential policy frameworks focused on mitigating systemic risk can improve the capacity of a … and to reduce systemic financial risk stemming from such flows (CFM/MPMs), and thereby ensure the appropriate application …

and world commodity supplies and the real exchange rate and real commodity prices. It is shown that fiscal expansion and … increasing world commodity supplies simultaneously lead to an appreciation of the real exchange rate and a decline in relative …

This paper studies the impact of the level and volatility of the commodity terms of trade on economic growth, as well … of trade growth enhances real output per capita, volatility exerts a negative impact on economic growth operating mainly … trade volatility offset the positive impact of commodity booms; and export diversification of primary commodity abundant …