. It is discovered: (a) that deficit financing does appear to contribute to increased real government spending; (b) that … the demand for government services as a whole does not appear to be income elastic; (c) that there is some evidence of a … productivity lag in the government sectors of Canada, Japan, and the United States, but not those of France, Italy, or the United …

Central government wage expenditures accounted for 7 percent of GDP in 99 countries during 1980-90 (unweighted average … countries, and small low-income economies tend to have lower central government wage expenditures as a percent of GDP. Access to … foreign financing is not; the public and publicly guaranteed foreign financing is often provided for government capital …

sector has been growing by over 20 percent a year and there are ambitious government targets for further development. Many … longer term. The China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) has been undertaking far-reaching reforms and modernization … the solvency standards into a modern, risk-based approach. The China-Risk Oriented Solvency Standards (C-ROSS) draw on …

The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) has maintained its momentum in regulation and supervision in the face of …, especially if government policies, whether focused growth and expansion, or social protection, conflicted with prudential … considerations. The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) has achieved a high degree of compliance with the Basel Core …

China's landscape for Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) is one of the largest and most complex in the world. It …