Showing 1 - 10 of 248
This paper develops and tests two efficiency wage models of corruption in the civil service. Under fair wage models, civil service wages are an important determinant of corruption. Under shirking models, the level of wages is of secondary importance, as potential bribes dwarf wage income. The...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400303
workers employed in that sector. Workers are heterogeneous, and the public sector chooses an employment strategy that …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400822
This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix reviews the past conduct of monetary policy of Tonga. The paper considers the problems in the current system and discusses the policy options available to the authorities. It reviews Tonga’s exchange rate policy and explores its effectiveness...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014406527
Real wage declines have been common in the public sector in many countries over substantial periods of time. In several cases, such wage reductions have coincided with a decline in the efficiency of the public sector. In a simple analytical framework, it is shown that higher wage levels alter...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396160
We study the determinants of employment and wages in the public sector, using a new set of panel data for 34 LDCs and … employment is positively associated with the relaxation of resource constraints (the revenue-to-GDP ratio and foreign financing … countries and private employment for OECD countries). Certain measures of government wages are positively associated with …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014398143
Central government wage expenditures accounted for 7 percent of GDP in 99 countries during 1980-90 (unweighted average). Regression analysis indicates that federations, countries with high populations and high per capita incomes, heavily indebted countries, and small low-income economies tend to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014398730
This Selected Issues paper assesses the fiscal risk impact of various events in Tonga and describes the challenges implied for fiscal management. The paper discusses that the Tongan government has made various efforts to limit the budgetary implications of the recent economic and political...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014403213
This paper discusses findings of the Report on Observance of Standards and codes for Denmark. Denmark has a high level …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011244322
years. In particular, it examines the experiences of Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Spain—four countries in which …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011244480
Denmark’s public expenditure as a share of GDP is the highest in the OECD. The main difference between Denmark and … the median OECD country is the larger amount of social protection expenditure. The public health expenditure of Denmark is …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011244534