covering 1989–2004 for banks in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia. The results provide clear support for a …

, financial reforms that ended decades of financial repression, and a massive privatization program. We investigate the role … played by ideas, interests and institutions. More specifically, we examine the role played by the 'reform team' investigate …

Since the onset of the Arab Spring, economic uncertainty in Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Yemen (Arab … and social tensions have constrained reform efforts. Assessing policy options as presented in the voluminous literature on …