Wolde, Hirut; Bhattacharya, Rina - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2010
In this paper we estimate gravity models to see whether trade volumes of countries in the MENA region are significantly … show that the variables used in standard gravity models cannot explain a significant part of MENA's trade performance … inefficiencies in customs clearance processes, are important in explaining the MENA region's underperformance in trade. …