China's sectoral trade composition, product quality mix, and import content of processing exports have all changed … substantially during the past decade. This has rendered trade elasticities estimated using aggregate data highly unstable, with more …

This paper examines the empirical relationship between trade and total factor productivity (TFP) in South Africa. It … uses (i) a time series approach where trade is defined in terms of aggregate outcomes, i.e., as the share of imports plus … exports in GDP, and (ii) a cross sectional approach, where trade is defined in terms of trade policy, i.e., as actual trade …