This survey of the recent literature asks: how important is trade policy for poverty reduction? We consider the effects …-level research, and case studies) supports the view that trade openness contributes greatly to growth. Moreover, trade openness does … not have systematic effects on the poor beyond its effect on overall growth. Trade policy is only one of many determinants …

(notably, sudden stops in financial flows) for emerging markets, and with real external shocks (in particular, terms-of-trade …

This paper studies the structure and evolution of trade protection in the Middle East and North African (MENA ….8. The paper also develops an overall index of trade protection and finds that tariff levels, their dispersion, and nontariff …

? Data from South Asia suggest that member states have minor trade linkages and face asymmetrical patterns of shocks. This …

The effect of exchange rate volatility on trade flows was examined by a 1984 IMF study on G-7 countries. Over the past … exchange hedging instruments, may have reduced the impact of volatility on trade flows. Using recent advances in the economic … theories on trade and in statistical methodologies, this paper revisits this important issue by taking into account these new …

This paper examines the relationship between fixed exchange rate arrangements and trade using a gravity model of … international trade together with bilateral trade data from 24 countries from the Caribbean and Latin America for the period 1960 …-2001. The analysis indicates that a credible fixed peg has a positive impact on the value of bilateral trade. Moreover, the …

This paper examines the effects of trade costs on macroeconomic volatility. We first construct a dynamic, two …-country general equilibrium model, where the degree of market integration depends directly on trade costs (transport costs, tariffs …, etc.). The model is a extension of Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995). Naturally, a reduction in trade costs leads to more market …

both samples that the effect of currency unions on trade is large, almost a doubling; currency unions are associated with … trade creation, increase price co-movements among members, and make trade more stable; and longer duration of currency union …