This survey of the recent literature asks: how important is trade policy for poverty reduction? We consider the effects …-level research, and case studies) supports the view that trade openness contributes greatly to growth. Moreover, trade openness does … not have systematic effects on the poor beyond its effect on overall growth. Trade policy is only one of many determinants …

This paper studies the structure and evolution of trade protection in the Middle East and North African (MENA ….8. The paper also develops an overall index of trade protection and finds that tariff levels, their dispersion, and nontariff …

? Data from South Asia suggest that member states have minor trade linkages and face asymmetrical patterns of shocks. This …

plan to market and, then, in the run-up to and entry into the European Union, they rode a wave of global trade and …

This paper estimates a gravity model to address the issue of whether intra-Arab trade is too little. Although gravity … models have been extensively used to measure bilateral trade among countries, they have—to the best of our knowledge …—never been used to measure intra-Arab trade. Our results suggest that intra-Arab trade and Arab trade with the rest of the world …

This paper examines the effects of trade costs on macroeconomic volatility. We first construct a dynamic, two …-country general equilibrium model, where the degree of market integration depends directly on trade costs (transport costs, tariffs …, etc.). The model is a extension of Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995). Naturally, a reduction in trade costs leads to more market …

trade reorientation toward WTO members after a putative accession. Our results also prompt some ideas that may resolve the … recent empirical controversy over the WTO's overall role in promoting trade. …