including gender considerations in budget programs and policies. Other arguments have a weaker economic basis but may be more … socially or politically compelling. The experience to date with "gender budgeting," which entails looking at gender issues … comprehensively within the budget, has been mixed. To become more useful, gender budgeting should be integrated into budget processes …

This survey examines the implications of gender differences in economic behavior for macroeconomic policy. It finds … that reducing gender inequality and improving the status of women may contribute to higher rates of economic growth and …. Macroeconomic policies should take into account the benefits of reducing gender inequalities, especially in the lowest …

and reach of present spending. With respect to taxation, the main issues in the literature on gender bias in taxation are …

historical patterns once we control for the size of the output shock; and (iii) the comparatively lower employment response vis … international standards and small relative to the large output shock. This paper explores Japan’s cyclical labor market response to … the global financial crisis. Our findings suggest that: (i) employment responsiveness has been historically low but rising …

uses nonparametric estimation to capture possible nonlinearities in the wage curve and relaxes the assumption of a stable …