effectiveness may moderate in graying societies. It then uses Bayesian estimation techniques for the U.S., Canada, Japan, U.K., and …

Empirical studies of antidumping activity focus almost exclusively on the period since 1980. This paper puts recent U ….S. antidumping experience in historical context by studying the determinants of annual case filings over the past half century. The … conventional view that few antidumping cases existed prior to 1980 is not correct, although most did not result in the imposition …

restrictions is modest, at about 0.25 percent of global trade, as most countries have resisted a widespread resort to protectionism … restrict trade, so unless all countries vigorously resist protectionism this could threaten the economic recovery and drag down …

support claims that protectionism and distortive subsidies to agriculture remain widespread in more developed nations, which …-country protectionism are also found to be relatively closed to agricultural trade. …