by reducing real wages below levels allowed by technological growth, changes in the unemployment rate, and institutional …

that ended with the global financial crisis. Unemployment soared, the fiscal position deteriorated sharply, and funding … the last seven quarters, unemployment has reached high levels, and financing conditions remain tight for small firms. The …

This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic growth in Spain has resumed, and unemployment is falling …

international experience of countries in the aftermath of financial crisis. The paper suggests Spain is likely to face a long period … of moderate growth (about 1½–2 percent) and high unemployment, but policy action—especially that directed toward … reducing structural unemployment and raising productivity—could lead to much better outcomes. …

We study the role of uncertainty shocks in explaining unemployment dynamics, separating out the role of aggregate and … measure aggregate and sectoral uncertainty and compare their effects on the unemployment rate in a standard macroeconomic … vector autoregressive (VAR) model. We find that aggregate uncertainty leads to an immediate increase in unemployment, with …