Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden form a tightly integrated region which has strong ties with the euro area as well … independent monetary policy, and Denmark and Norway are net energy exporters while Finland and Sweden are energy importers. We … of integration among the four Nordic economies. These differences are driven by the fact that Denmark and Finland have no …

and high household debt. The economic performance of the four continental Nordic economies (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and …

This paper examines 2013 Cluster Consultation—a Nordic Regional IMF staff report. Denmark, Finland, Norway, and …

years. In particular, it examines the experiences of Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Spain—four countries in which …

Both Japan and Korea are trying to boost female labor force participation (FLFP) as they face the challenges of a … towards non-regular employment despite women’s high education levels. This paper empirically examines what helps Japan and … these two Asian countries with two Nordic countries Norway and Finland. The main findings are: (i) child cash allowances …

effectiveness may moderate in graying societies. It then uses Bayesian estimation techniques for the U.S., Canada, Japan, U.K., and …

financial markets and spillovers from Europe to Japan. The results also suggest that the uncertainty about the direction of …