This paper examines the role of Japan against that of China in the exchange rate regime in East Asia in light of … generate higher average welfare gains for East Asian countries than currency unions with Japan or the United States. Overall …, Japan does not appear to be a dominant player in forming a currency union in East Asia, and this trend is likely to continue …

crisis. Occupational mismatch accounted for approximtely 20-40 percent of the recent rise in the unemployment rate in Japan …

The paper discusses the role the financial sector can play in supporting growth in Japan. While overall credit …

This study assesses the overall impact on credit of the financial regulatory reforms in Europe, Japan, and the United … higher taxes and fees. Overall, average lending rates in the base case would rise by 18 bps in Europe, 8 bps in Japan, and 28 …

Health spending has risen rapidly in Japan. We find two-thirds of the spending increase over 1990–2011 resulted from … increase of 2–3 percentage points of GDP. This will require a sizable increase in government transfers. Japan can introduce …