The export performance of Sub-Saharan Africa has lagged behind that of developing countries in other regions for the … past two decades, and total export proceeds have fallen significantly since 1980. Many factors explain this outcome … new agricultural products and light manufactures could boost export earnings, but only if the region can compete …

embraced fully the notion that their own pattern of import protection hurts their export performance. The paper quantifies the … extent to which import protection acts as a tax on a country's export sector and finds that for many developing countries …, developing countries could increase their export earnings by reducing their own import tariffs, but countries must be careful …

used determinants of total factor productivity, a measure of the effect of labor reallocation and an index of economic … suggest that growth will depend, to a large extent, on educational investments and productivity gains in agriculture. …

countries. Simulations on the impact of productivity shocks in Chinese textiles and machinery suggest that the required …

customs institutions. We find a positive and robust effect of tariffs on import tax evasion. We then show that the evasion …

Although theory suggests that the real exchange rate should depreciate after a credible trade liberalization but could …

, Japan, and the United States remain the main export markets for final goods. …