it is generally successful in explaining bilateral financial flows. If the pension gap were to be financed through the …

This Selected Issues paper examines the long-term issues with pension expenditures in the Netherlands. The paper … highlights that the public pension for a single person is equal to 70 percent of the (statutory) minimum wage. The minimum wage … and public pensions thus move in lock-step; they are both by law indexed to contract wages in the private sector. This …

, in turn, will be passed on to pension benefits, exacerbating aging-related fiscal pressures. The pass-through effect will … wages to prices, provide substantial macro-insurance and shock absorption benefits. …) with aging populations? Lower interest rates will result in higher capital-labor ratios and increased wages; higher wages …

This paper studies the financial sustainability of the Albanian pension fund and assesses possible options for its … reform. The paper concludes that the pension fund is not sustainable in its current form and proposes for the urban scheme a … and strengthening the financial performance of the pension fund. In addition, it proposes the establishment of a voluntary …

The rapid aging of China's population over the next few decades makes it important for a new pension system with broad … and adequate coverage to be put in place quickly. Pension reforms, first initiated in 1997, have become bogged down in … difficulties over dealing with the "legacy costs" associated with the relatively more generous benefits provided under the old …

This paper evaluates the macroeconomic and welfare effects of extending the averaging period used to calculate pension … benefits in a pay-as-you-go system. It also examines the complementarities between reforms extending the averaging period and …

performance and the macroeconomic implications of remittances. It then looks at the sustainability of pension systems, financial …