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Taxes and Tradable Permits As Instruments for Controlling Pollution; Theory and Practice
Norregaard, John; Reppelin-Hill, Valérie - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2000
This paper examines the relative merits of two dominant economic instruments for reducing pollution—”green” taxes and tradable permits. Theoretically, the two instruments share many similarities, and on balance, neither seems preferable to the other. In practice, however, most countries...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005604886
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Issues in Global Natural Gas; A Primer and Analysis
Okogu, Bright Erakpoweri - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2002
This paper discusses the rising profile of natural gas in global energy, factors constraining its further development, the gas contracting process, and the absence of a global market, which is analyzed in the context of the economic rent in the gas price and the opaque nature of gas contracts. A...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005605175
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Public Expenditure Policy and the Environment; A Review and Synthesis
Miranda, Kenneth M.; Parry, Ian W.H.; Gupta, Sanjeev - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 1993
subsidies, increased operations and maintenance expenditures, and a thorough environmental assessment of capital projects will …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005825826
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Subsidy Reforms and Poverty Alleviation
Bhambhri, Chandra Prakash; Chander, Parkash - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2001
This paper presents a general framework for characterizing the optimal pattern of subsidies for poverty alleviation … under budgetary constraints and suggests possible reforms for the existing pattern of subsidies. The government may …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005825884
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Outcomes-Based Conditionality; Its Role and Optimal Design
Ivanova, Anna - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2006
The paper employs a principal-agent framework to analyze the role and design of outcomesbased conditionality in the presence of market frictions and domestic opposition. The results suggest that outcomes-based conditionality is a good option for the IMF when opposition to reforms is relatively...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005826217
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A Superior Hybrid Cash-Flow Taxon Corporations
Zee, Howell H. - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2006
This paper proposes a new hybrid cash-flow tax on corporations that, on one hand, taxes only excess corporate profits as they accrue, and, on the other hand, treats real and financial transactions neutrally. It is, therefore, a superior tax compared to the cash-flow tax on real transactions that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005826259
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Real and Distributive Effects of Petroleum Price Liberalization; The Case of Indonesia
Clements, Benedict J.; Gupta, Sanjeev; Jung, Hong-Sang - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2003
The impact of higher petroleum prices on the aggregate price level, real growth, and income distribution is appraised within a multisector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. A reduction in the government subsidy raises petroleum prices and production costs throughout the economy....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005826502
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The New Protectionism in Industrial Countries: Beyond the Uruguay Round
Irwin, Douglas A. - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 1994
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005826698
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Iran; The Chronicles of the Subsidy Reform
Guillaume, Dominique M.; Zytek, Roman; Farzin, Mohammad Reza - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2011
major oil-exporting country to reduce substantially implicit energy subsidies. This paper reviews the economic and technical …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009203528
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Energy Subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Stocktaking and Policy Challenges
Bella, Gabriel Di; Norton, Lawrence; Ntamatungiro, Joseph; … - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2015
The oil price decline creates an opportunity to dismantle energy subsidies, which escalated with high oil prices. This … paper assesses energy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean—about 1.8 percent of GDP in 2011–13 (approximately … subsidize electricity, as are Central America and the Caribbean. Energy subsidies impose fiscal costs, hurting SOEs …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011242202