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Germany; 2006 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Staff Statement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Germa...
International Monetary Fund (IMF); International … - 2006
The three-point VAT increase is part of a package in which unemployment payroll taxes will be reduced. Risks to the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011244866
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Netherlands; Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund (IMF); International … - 1996
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005825115
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Would Saving U.S. Social Security Raise National Saving?
Walliser, Jan - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 1999
Analysts agree that raising national saving is one of the key objectives of social security reform in the United States. Hence, to judge the merits of proposals requires a comparison of saving responses. The paper outlines the difficulties involved in making those comparisons, which arise from...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005771367
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Can inheritances Alleviate the Fiscal Burden of An Aging Population?
Lueth, Erik - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2001
With pay-as-you-go schemes in place, population aging will impose a heavy fiscal burden on young and future cohorts. However, these cohorts may also profit from larger inheritances as the number of heirs declines. The aim of this paper is to explore the compensating potential of private...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005599473
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Eurosclerosis or Financial Collapse; Why Did Swedish Incomes Fall Behind?
Cerra, Valerie; Saxena, Sweta Chaman - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2005
Sweden represents an archetypal welfare state economy, with extensive government safety nets. Some scholars have … explains the decline in its per capita GDP ratings. The paper finds no macroeconomic evidence that welfare state policies have …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005605036
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The Challenge of Public Pension Reform in Advanced and Emerging Economies
Clements, Benedict J.; Coady, David; Eich, Frank; … - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2013
Pension reform is high on the policy agenda of many advanced and emerging market economies. In advanced economies the challenge is generally to contain future increases in public pension spending as the population ages. In emerging market economies, the challenges are often different. Where...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010790493
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Policies, Enforcement, and Customs Evasion; Evidence From India
Mishra, Prachi; Subramanian, Arvind; Topalova, Petia - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2007
, the effect of tariffs on evasion, and relate this elasticity to factors related to customs enforcement or the quality of … customs institutions. We find a positive and robust effect of tariffs on import tax evasion. We then show that the evasion …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005825954
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VAT, Tariffs, and withholding; Border Taxes and Informality in Developing Countries
Keen, Michael - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2007
withholding taxes that are levied by many developing countries-which have also been ignored. If both of these instruments are … optimally deployed, it is shown, then the usual prescription that a small economy should not deploy tariffs remains valid even … welfare in the face of efficiency-improving tariff cuts. Conditions are established under which a VAT alone is fully optimal …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005599307
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Ukraine Gas Pricing Policy; Distributional Consequences of Tariff Increases
Mitra, Pritha; Atoyan, Ruben - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2012
the economic inefficiencies of the current pricing policy without large welfare costs to the lower income segments of the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011242403
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Value of WTO Trade Agreements in a New Keynesian Model
Ganelli, Giovanni; Tervala, Juha - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2015
traditional trade policy point of view. We show that in a New Keynesian model, unilateral trade liberalization reduces welfare due … of an agreement, which cuts tariffs by one percentage point, is 0.5% to 2% of consumption, much larger than in trade …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011242404