The coexistence of urban and rural poverty and migration to cities is studied in a dual economy model where the … and the distribution of wealth matter for the migration decision, and costs of backmigration may produce an urban poverty …

This Selected Issues paper presents an assessment of leveraging oil wealth for development in Kazakhstan. By saving … most of the tax revenues collected from the oil sector in an off-budget oil fund Kazakhstan has been relatively successful … includes public enterprises in the oil and gas industry, is systemic in Kazakhstan. During the crisis the quasifiscal sector …

architecture and promoting a business environment unencumbered by the state remain key challenges for Kazakhstan to become a …

developing Kazakhstan into a leading emerging market economy requires concerted efforts to strengthen the policy architecture. It …

This paper analyzes the monetary policy framework in Kazakhstan. The authorities have been successful in containing …