social security system. The Panamanian pension levels are generous, despite the lack of indexation, even by the high standard …

This Selected Issues paper of the United Kingdom analyzes the official projections of public pension spending and risks …, as well as the strategy to increase private pension provision. It provides a comparison of stylized facts regarding …

The present paper reviews key issues in pension design and pension reform encountered all across the world. The paper … heavily refers to the recent U.S. Social Security reform debate in general and to the Personal Retirement Accounts proposal in … retirement. …

This Selected Issues paper highlights that the authorities in the Republic of Korea recognize the pension policy …. Without further reforms, the public pension systems in Korea are not financially sustainable. This paper considers options for … moving to a funded first-pillar pension system. The main results show that a sustainable, funded pension system can be …

The Chinese pension system is highly fragmented and decentralized, with governance standards, pension fund management … practices, their regulation and supervision varying considerably both across the funded components of the Chinese pension system … identifies remaining weaknesses, in regard to information disclosure, the governance framework and pension fund management …