Petroleum product subsidies have again started to increase with the rebound in international prices. This note reviews … necessary to reduce the fiscal burden of these subsidies and to address climate change. Between 2003 and mid-2008, global … consumer subsidies for petroleum products are estimated to have increased more than eightfold, from $57 billion to $490 billion …

relevant taxes/subsidies to correct the externalities and to address equity and revenue considerations can be measured with a … setting taxes and/or prices of commodities based on two key criteria, efficiency and equity. The paper shows that for … reform in Nigeria. The framework outlined in the paper can be applied to the analysis of petroleum product taxes and prices …

This Selected Issues Paper focuses on economic condition, energy subsidies, and oil prices in Jordan. Energy price … subsidies pose a serious fiscal risk in the present context of increasing and volatile international prices. The macroeconomic …

The cost of energy subsidies is large, and reduces the fiscal space available for public expenditure priorities …, including education, health, and infrastructure. Libya’s ample hydrocarbon wealth will allow it to reform subsidies while … protecting the poor. A gradual phasing out of subsidies would allow adjustment in consumption and minimize the inflationary …