Welfare economics, scope and performance of government, externalities, public goods, cost-benefit analysis, subsidies … addresses externalities, provided the social return is above a threshold. This paper argues that another consideration needs to … be brought into the mix - whether, in spite of the externalities, the private sector has an incentive to undertake the …

subsidies, increased operations and maintenance expenditures, and a thorough environmental assessment of capital projects will …

This paper presents a general framework for characterizing the optimal pattern of subsidies for poverty alleviation … under budgetary constraints and suggests possible reforms for the existing pattern of subsidies. The government may …

remained about 20 percent of non-oil GDP, compared with overall fuel subsidies of about 8.3 percent of non-oil GDP. The fuel …

This paper looks at the fiscal cost and distributional impact of implicit fuel price subsidies in Gabon, where fuel … fiscal cost of the subsidies at 3.2 percent of non-oil GDP in 2005-more than total public health expenditures. We also … analyze the distribution of the subsidies using household survey data and find that the bulk of the subsidies benefit higher …