many areas, such as education, differences are narrowing. The concept of externalities underlies the arguments for … including gender considerations in budget programs and policies. Other arguments have a weaker economic basis but may be more … socially or politically compelling. The experience to date with "gender budgeting," which entails looking at gender issues …

This survey examines the implications of gender differences in economic behavior for macroeconomic policy. It finds … that reducing gender inequality and improving the status of women may contribute to higher rates of economic growth and …. Macroeconomic policies should take into account the benefits of reducing gender inequalities, especially in the lowest …

The measurement of the efficiency of public education expenditure using parametric and non-parametric methods has … the efficiency of secondary education spending in emerging and developing economies. The approach accounts for the impact … of the level of development on education outcomes by constructing different efficiency frontiers for lower- and higher …

emerging and developed regions. However, Latin America remains the most unequal region in the world. This study documents the …, with policies alone explaining more than half of this total decline. Higher education spending is the most important driver …

This paper shows that during the 1990s, and before the 1998-2000 border war with Eritrea, the gender gap in education … in Eritrea has widened on the national level, and large regional disparities have persisted. The gender gap appears to be … linked to lower female teacher participation and limited employment opportunities. The widening of the gender gap is likely …