plan to market and, then, in the run-up to and entry into the European Union, they rode a wave of global trade and …

The effect of exchange rate volatility on trade flows was examined by a 1984 IMF study on G-7 countries. Over the past … exchange hedging instruments, may have reduced the impact of volatility on trade flows. Using recent advances in the economic …-border capital flows, may have exacerbated exchange rate volatility, while others, such as a deepening of the market in foreign …

Preference erosion has become an obstacle to multilateral trade liberalization, as beneficiaries of trade preferences …

This paper examines the effects of trade costs on macroeconomic volatility. We first construct a dynamic, two … variability of the trade balance should increase. Trade costs have ambiguous effects on the volatility of other macro variables …-country general equilibrium model, where the degree of market integration depends directly on trade costs (transport costs, tariffs …

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) in the Asia-Pacific region have proliferated rapidly over the past five years and … are creating a complex web of intersecting bilateral and regional trade agreements. This paper describes the proliferation …

.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement, suggests. We find that exchange rate flexibility has not prevented economic integration between … Canadian economy against asymmetric external shocks. A fixed exchange rate thus does not seem to be a prerequisite for economic …

This paper examines the mechanisms through which output volatility is related to trade openness using an industry … appreciable impact on aggregate volatility. Added together they imply that the relationship between trade openness and overall …-level panel dataset of manufacturing production and trade. The main results are threefold. First, sectors more open to …

. Moreover, lack of diversification may increase exposure to adverse external shocks and macroeconomic instability. The SDN will … diversified their economies. Third, to analyze the relationship between diversification, growth, and volatility. …