presented. The interaction between leverage and risk is discussed, and a modified capital adequacy ratio is calculated, which …

The availability of financial instruments related to indices that track global financial conditions and risk appetite … instruments can explain much of the in-sample variation in borrowing spreads, this fails to materialize in hedging strategies that … during times of systemic crises. Moreover, high risk countries seem to gain more, as their underlying weaknesses makes them …

gains from hedging long-term bonds with interest rate derivatives. These bonds can help develop interest-rate derivative …

2009, hedging of currency risk substantially reduced the volatility of foreign investments at a quarterly investment … hedging for risk reduction purposes remained strong.In addition to its impact on risk, hedging affected returns in …This paper examines the benefits from hedging the currency exposure of international investments in single- and multi …

This paper leverages the IMF’s Financial Access Survey (FAS) database to construct a new composite index of financial …, economic growth, and financial stability. Nonetheless, the issue of its robust measurement is still outstanding. The new … composite index uses factor analysis to derive a weighting methodology whose absence has been the most persistent of the …

with possibly protracted low growth in the United States and bouts of heightened global risk aversion from unsettled market …

India’s financial system compares favorably internationally, but rising credit risk and liquidity pressures are …