on positive trends in the area of accounting, information recording, and financial reporting. …

financing fund system with clear and rigid inflow and outflow rules and should be based on clear and regulated investment …

outflows, which can be used along with standard debt sustainability analyses (DSA).  It also introduces two risk indicesâ …€”investor base risk index (IRI) and foreign investor position index (FIPI)—to assess sovereigns’ vulnerability to shifts in …

-term oriented, with high implicit capital, and low risk (thanks to the law of large numbers). Trading is transactions …-based: scalable, shortterm, capital constrained, and with the ability to generate risk from concentrated positions. When a bank …-ante. And a bank may use trading for risk-shifting. Financial development augments the scalability of trading, which initially …

Real estate investment accounts for a quarter of total fixed asset investment (FAI) in China. The real estate sectorâ … estate investment in China—though a low-probability event—would be sizable, with large spillovers to a number of Chinaâ … and the rest of the G20 economies, we find that a 1-percent decline in China’s real estate investment would shave about …

-sustaining growth based on private consumption and investment. This paper finds that Japanese nonfinancial firms have accumulated cash … at the expense of investment and dividends, hampering this transition. The evidence suggests that cash accumulation is … plays only a limited role. These firms have cash holdings available for investment of about 5 percent of GDP. Policy options …

analyzes financial market spillovers over the period 2001-12 through four channels: bilateral portfolio investment, bilateral … greater amount of portfolio investment assets, they should strengthen prudential regulations to mitigate against rising risks … of financial spillovers (or risk greater volatility owing to comovement with foreign markets). …

-collected comprehensive database of intangible assets. The presence of intangibles changes the accounting and economic measures of q. We show … intangible intensity. We estimate our model using temporary investment tax incentive policies in the United States in the early … 2000s. When the q-model accounts for intangible assets, the estimated investment elasticity to tax incentives is generally …

This paper explores how corporate income tax reform can help Japan increase investment and boost potential growth …. Using international and Japan-specific empirical estimates of corporate tax elasticities, investment is predicted to expand … will undo positive investment effects of a rate cut. Alternative revenue sources include higher consumption and property …