In this paper we estimate gravity models to see whether trade volumes of countries in the MENA region are significantly … show that the variables used in standard gravity models cannot explain a significant part of MENA's trade performance …, particularly on exports. We then go on to 'augment' the standard gravity model with relevant variables from the World Bank …

. This was part of a persistent failure to adjust to trade deficits, which, along with rising net income payments, led to …

GDP indicate non-oil export volumes are relatively responsive while service exports are less responsive. Downward … Europe and emerging markets presents further downside risks for exports. The Maghreb countries are particularly sensitive to …

, imports, and per capita GDP growth to a “global” aid shock. We find that a global aid shock can affect exports, imports, and … ambiguous results in the existing literature. For most countries in the sample, when aid reduces exports and imports, it also … reduces growth; and, when aid increases exports and imports, it also increases growth. This evidence is consistent with a DD …

would also facilitate a reduction in inflation, which would moderate gold imports and favorably impact real exchange rate …

We examine how Korea’s capital flows and trade have been affected by the quantitative easing (QE) of the United … in the world market for trade. We find that QE had little direct impact on capital flows to Korea, and tapering is … the exchange rate spillover from QQME to Korea has been limited both on trade and capital flow fronts. …

€™s exports. Although rising trading links with China have allowed African countries to diversify their export base across … reorient their exports. …