This staff report on People’s Republic of China 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights macroeconomic developments … and outlook. China has maintained robust growth since the global crisis, but the heavy reliance on credit and investment …

Consumption in China is unusually low and has continued to decline as a share of GDP over the past decade. A key policy …

This paper uses the Shapley Value decomposition technique to assess the factors behind the rise of inequality in China …. It finds that, in many ways, inequality may have been an inevitable by-product of China’s investment and export …. Across China’s provinces, divergences in per capita incomes are driven by the relative level of capital-intensity, public …

This paper studies structural changes underlying China's remarkable and unprecedented growth in recent years. While … patterns of structural transformation across China's provinces are broadly in line with international experience, one important … labor productivity in the rest of the economy and services has widened across China's provinces as they have moved from low …

China is on the eve of a demographic shift that will have profound consequences on its economic and social landscape …, along with anecdotes of rapidly rising migrant wages and episodic labor shortages, has raised questions about whether China … labor shortage economy. Crossing this threshold will have far-reaching implications for both China and the rest of the world …

This paper investigates the empirical characteristics of income inequality in China and a panel of BRIC+ countries over …€”an inverted Ushaped relationship between income inequality and economic development—in China and the panel of BRIC+ countries …. In the case of China, the empirical results indicate that government spending and taxation have opposing effects on …

from its continued reliance on capital accumulation, China can grow at a healthy pace and maintain its convergence toward …

that some types of investment are becoming excessive in China, particularly in inland provinces. In these regions, private … existing trends continue, valuable resources could be wasted at a time when China’s ability to finance investment is facing … to that in manufacturing and real estate. Financial reform would facilitate such a reorientation, helping China to …