This survey of the recent literature asks: how important is trade policy for poverty reduction? We consider the effects …-level research, and case studies) supports the view that trade openness contributes greatly to growth. Moreover, trade openness does … not have systematic effects on the poor beyond its effect on overall growth. Trade policy is only one of many determinants …

This paper examines the mechanisms through which output volatility is related to trade openness using an industry …-level panel dataset of manufacturing production and trade. The main results are threefold. First, sectors more open to … international trade are more volatile. Second, trade is accompanied by increased specialization. Third, sectors that are more open …

combination, on GDP and inequality. We focus on three dimensions of financial inclusion: access (determined by the size of … inclusion, GDP, inequality, and the distribution of gains and losses. …

. This paper examines—among other things—the macroeconomic and fiscal implications of the Free Trade Agreement with the …

the consequences of trade when institutional differences are the source of comparative advantage among countries … things, that the less developed country may not gain from trade, and that factor prices may actually diverge as a result of … trade. Second, the paper provides empirical evidence of "institutional content of trade:" institutional differences are …

This paper analyzes the effects of trade openness on budget balances by distinguishing the effects of natural openness … from those of trade-policy induced openness. Using the GMMsystem estimator, the econometric analysis focuses on 66 … developing countries during 1974-98. The results show that trade openness increases a country's exposure to external shocks …

, despite the civil war, a decline in the terms of trade, and natural disasters. Investment and export volumes are growing …

-side tax policies and trade policies in industrial countries. …

role of institutions, demography, infrastructure, the macroeconomic environment, output structure and trade structure. Two …