presents several conventional techniques for assessing competitiveness, namely the real exchange rate and recent trade … performance. Several other measures are considered, in particular transport costs and governance measures, which may be more … many post-conflict situations. The real exchange measure and trade measures suggest some mild erosion of competitiveness in …

In this paper we estimate gravity models to see whether trade volumes of countries in the MENA region are significantly … show that the variables used in standard gravity models cannot explain a significant part of MENA's trade performance …'s Business Enterprise surveys. Our results further show that these variables, and in particular transport constraints and …

This paper reexamines the relationship between trade integration and business cycle synchronization (BCS) using new … value-added trade data for 63 advanced and emerging economies during 1995–2012. In a panel framework, we identify a strong … positive impact of trade intensity on BCS—conditional on various controls, global common shocks and country …

€™s exports. Although rising trading links with China have allowed African countries to diversify their export base across … countries, away from advanced economies, they have also led SSA countries to become more susceptible to spillovers from China …

the RoW, but has also gradually drifted away from the G7 in favour of the BRICs. Trade with the BRICs turns out to be the … strongest driver of this shift. Much of this impact unfolds through aggregate demand impulse from trade. As fiscal policy …