will help to reduce the State budget deficit, enhance the fight against corruption, improve living standards, and decrease …

for pro-poor growth by building on low incidence of corruption and a regional comparative advantage in soft infrastructure. …

competitiveness in the Panamanian economy. Corruption is perceived as a widespread phenomenon that has affected both private and … direct investment, corruption may prove an obstacle to a medium-term growth strategy based on foreign investment. One …

this framework using a benchmarking exercise, which relates the difference between the actual level of financial …

We examine the effects of oil rents on corruption and state stability exploiting the exogenous within-country variation … increase in oil rents significantly increases corruption, significantly deteriorates political rights while at the same time … redistribution and conflict. We support our argument documenting that there is a significant effect of oil rents on corruption in …

This paper analyses why corruption can persist for long periods in a democracy and inquires whether this can result …, the paper analyzes how corruption distortsthe allocation of resources between public and private expenditure, altering the … citizens can indirectly benefit from corruption. The paper shows that, under this condition, if the citizens anticipate a shift …