including gender considerations in budget programs and policies. Other arguments have a weaker economic basis but may be more … socially or politically compelling. The experience to date with "gender budgeting," which entails looking at gender issues … comprehensively within the budget, has been mixed. To become more useful, gender budgeting should be integrated into budget processes …

This survey examines the implications of gender differences in economic behavior for macroeconomic policy. It finds … that reducing gender inequality and improving the status of women may contribute to higher rates of economic growth and …. Macroeconomic policies should take into account the benefits of reducing gender inequalities, especially in the lowest …

This paper shows that during the 1990s, and before the 1998-2000 border war with Eritrea, the gender gap in education … in Eritrea has widened on the national level, and large regional disparities have persisted. The gender gap appears to be … linked to lower female teacher participation and limited employment opportunities. The widening of the gender gap is likely …

and reach of present spending. With respect to taxation, the main issues in the literature on gender bias in taxation are …

This paper examines the concept of gender-responsive government budgeting, promoted in recent years by women … management systems in some countries can help promote gender equality-to the extent of government involvement in gender …-sensitive sectors and programs-at any level of available funding. However, to be fully effective, obstacles such as gender …