last decade in the selected countries came with increased average opportunities in education and health; but distribution …

In coming decades, China will undergo a notable demographic transformation, with its old-age dependency ratio doubling … literature. Going further, we simulate global savings behavior based on our framework and find that China’s demographics should … and future policy choices. Other implications arising from China’s demography, including the growth model, the pension …

Consumption in China is unusually low and has continued to decline as a share of GDP over the past decade. A key policy … saving and increased consumption. The main findings are that spending on health, but not education, had an impact on …