In this paper we estimate gravity models to see whether trade volumes of countries in the MENA region are significantly … show that the variables used in standard gravity models cannot explain a significant part of MENA's trade performance …, particularly on exports. We then go on to 'augment' the standard gravity model with relevant variables from the World Bank …

China’s transformation into a dynamic private-sector-led economy and its integration into the world economy have been …

This survey of the recent literature asks: how important is trade policy for poverty reduction? We consider the effects …-level research, and case studies) supports the view that trade openness contributes greatly to growth. Moreover, trade openness does … not have systematic effects on the poor beyond its effect on overall growth. Trade policy is only one of many determinants …

China's sectoral trade composition, product quality mix, and import content of processing exports have all changed … substantially during the past decade. This has rendered trade elasticities estimated using aggregate data highly unstable, with more …

the outside world …

The effect of exchange rate volatility on trade flows was examined by a 1984 IMF study on G-7 countries. Over the past … two decades, many developments in the world economy, such as the currency crises in the 1990s and increasing cross … exchange hedging instruments, may have reduced the impact of volatility on trade flows. Using recent advances in the economic …

accumulation, tariffs either raise or lower an economy's growth rate (measured by the change in the value of output at world prices …" foreign direct investment, and the empirical literature on trade and growth. Finally we use a numerical simulation model of …

Since EU accession, trade flows have exhibited strong dynamics in Central-Eastern Europe (CEE). During the period … and imports have evolved in CEE countries over 2002-07 and econometrically derives their contribution to trade, with a … rising trade market shares, go a long way toward accounting for trade developments in CEE countries until 2007, pointing to …