Indien ist seit den 1990er Jahren international aufgestiegen. Die wichtigsten Ursachen dieses Erfolgs waren die Wirtschaftsreformen seit 1991 und die neuen internationalen Konstellationen nach dem Ost-West-Konflikt. Beides verschaffte dem Land in globalen Fragen deutlich mehr Gewicht. Allerdings...

India has risen internationally since the 1990s. The most important reasons for this success are its economic reforms since 1991 and new inter­national constellations since the East-West conflict. Both have earned the country a significantly greater say on global issues, but India’s rise is...

Among the many significant geopolitical consequences of Russia’s war against Ukraine has been the reinvigoration of the Middle Corridor, both as a regional economic zone comprising Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Turkey but also as an increasingly attrac­tive alternative route between Europe...

The SDG Summit will take place on 18-19 September 2023 in New York. UN Secretary-General António Guterres has called it the “centrepiece” of the UN’s work this year. Numerous reports for this year’s mid-term review of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs will lament the “lack of political...

KEY ISSUES Background: In February 2014, the Executive Board approved a three-year Extended Arrangement with access equivalent to SDR 295.42 million (492.4 percent of quota). So far, three purchases totaling the equivalent of SDR 94.2 million have been made, and another one equivalent to SDR...

Recent developments, outlook, and risks. Kosovo's economy has continued to perform well, despite a challenging external environment. Real GDP growth moderated to 3¼ percent in 2023 amid subdued external demand. Inflation has decelerated sharply, reaching 2 percent y/y in the first quarter of...

This paper presents Republic of Moldova's 2023 Article IV Consultation, Fourth Reviews under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) and Extended Fund Facility (EFF) Arrangements, Request for Extension and Rephasing of the Arrangements, and Request for an Arrangement under the Resilience and...

This paper presents Ukraine's 2023 Article IV Consultation, Second Review under the Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF), and Requests for Modification of Performance Criteria and a Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criterion. The authorities have made strong progress...

This 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that Romania has weathered the economic shocks from the pandemic, Russia's war in Ukraine, and the resulting surges in energy and food prices relatively well. Growth is expected to recover modestly in 2024, and to return to its potential rate in the...