Russia’s newly strengthened macroeconomic anchors. But absent a widening output gap, expansionary fiscal and monetary … growth, Russia needs to further strengthen the macroeconomic policy framework and implement supply-side reforms. The … constraints, Russia should reduce the regulatory burden to facilitate more private sector activity in key sectors, strengthen the …

in Russian Federation. Russia has seen an increase in exchange rate volatility during the past few years compared with …

This Selected Issues paper estimates potential output and the output gap in Russia. Estimating potential output in … Russia is difficult because its economy is large and complex, in transition, and dependent on oil. First, Russia presents …. Third, the energy sector dominates exports and GDP, making Russia vulnerable to large terms of trade shocks. This paper …

This Selected Issues paper focuses on policies to address climate change in Ukraine. The war has been a setback to … continued progress on Ukraine's climate objectives. Over the longer term, Ukraine has potential to implement policies that …. Ukraine is vulnerable to climate change from substantially warmer temperatures and more volatile rainfall patterns that may …

This paper presents Ukraine's 2023 Article IV Consultation, Second Review under the Extended Arrangement under the …, bolstering Ukraine's broader development goals …

This paper focuses on Ukraine's First Review under the Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF). The … institutional reforms, and support reconstruction efforts, while facilitating Ukraine's path to EU accession. In the near term … tackling corruption remain essential to convince foreign investors that there is a level playing field in Ukraine, and to …

policies will unlock sizable official financing already committed to Ukraine and catalyze private inflows. To underscore their … National Bank of Ukraine Kubiv, Minister of Finance Shlapak, Minister of Economy Sheremeta, Minister of Energy Prodan, Minister …

Russia's invasion of Ukraine continues to have a devastating social and economic impact on the country. Civilian …