inequality and poverty overall or along ethnic and rural-urban lines. Persistently low tax revenues are the main limiting factor …

Taxes and transfers can have significant impacts on poverty and inequality. All standard measures are by definition … transfers can lower inequality and poverty (including the severity of poverty) but still make a subgroup of the poor worse off … when standard poverty and inequality indicators decline and overall taxes are progressive. …

, indirect taxes and subsidies, and social spending (cash and food transfers and in-kind transfers in education and health). The … the country. When in-kind transfers in education and health are added, however, the bottom six deciles are net recipients …We apply a standard tax and benefit incidence analysis to estimate the impact on inequality and poverty of direct taxes …

on education and health was also sizeable and equalizing, but to a lesser degree. An assessment of fiscal funding sources … disposable income inequality and poverty rose markedly between 2006 and 2009 primarily due to the launching of a noncontributory … puts the sustainability of the redistributive policies into question, unless nonsocial spending is significantly cut. …

offset the poverty-reducing impact of cash transfers. When one includes the in-kind transfers in education and health, valued … comparable methodology yields the following results. Direct taxes and cash transfers reduce inequality and poverty by nontrivial … at government costs, they reduce inequality in all countries by considerably more than cash transfers, reflecting their …

Inequality in Mexico rose between 1989 and 1994 and declined between 1994 and 2010. We examine the role of market … (cash transfers) in explaining changes in inequality. We apply the ‘re-centered influence function’ method to decompose …-in demand; institutional factors were not relevant. Government transfers contributed to the decline in inequality, especially …

transfers, targeted housing and heating subsidies, public spending on education and health, and personal income, payroll … programs are less progressive. However, when health and non-tertiary education spending are added to income using the …

Fiscal policy can change poverty and inequality substantially or slightly depending on the government’s redistributive … and human capital accumulation, as well as with reducing inequality. The Commitment to Equity Assessment (CEQ) evaluates … independent evaluations. CEQ relies on inequality, poverty and tax and benefit incidence analyses. …

Inequality and poverty fell sharply in many Latin American countries during a decade in which voters in ten countries … econometric evidence that social democratic regimes in Brazil and Chile were more successful at reducing inequality and poverty … Venezuela started the 1990-2008 sample window with lower levels of inequality, so to some extent recent reductions in inequality …