Despite a more favorable external environment, marked by the rebound in global growth, fast-increasing oil prices, and unprecedented Fund financial support, CEMAC is ending 2021 in a fragile external position. Net external reserves fell throughout 2021 to reach their lowest level in decades, and...

The treaty for the establishment of the East African Community (EAC) was signed in November 1999 by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The treaty, which entered into force in June 2000, aims a comprehensive integration process comprising of trade, economic, and political integration. The ultimate...

Context and risks. The pandemic may have a long-lasting impact on CEMAC's growth potential, which is already curtailed by structural, governance, and transparency issues. The policy response from national and regional authorities in 2020 helped mitigate the economic fallout. CEMAC, however,...

This report reviews the status of Mashreq countries' economic integration with the world, with the Arab world, and within the Mashreq sub-region itself. It examines the drivers of progress to date and barriers to further integration. It focuses on Mashreq countries' participation in integration...