This Technical Assistance Report presents the estimates of tax gaps for general sales tax (GST) and corporate income tax in Costa Rica. The estimated GST compliance gap in Costa Rica increased from 29 percent in 2012 to 31 percent in 2016. The compliance gap in 2016 was equivalent to 1.9 percent...

This paper presents the overview of the Dutch economy. After a double-dip recession that ended in early 2014, a strengthening but moderate recovery led by exports and investment is underway, although lower production and exports of natural reduced gas reduced growth in the second quarter of...

This paper aims to contribute to the discussion by sketching ways in which the taxation equity-efficiency frontier could be shifted outward in the Netherlands. In a nutshell, we argue that significant efficiency gains could be achieved by shifting the tax burden away from labor, and toward...

The Dutch economy was more resilient than the average Euro area economy in 2020 owing in part to a high rate of digitalization of activities that allowed a large share of the work force to work remotely, while the strong policy response mitigated the impact of containment measures. A strong...

This 2016 Article IV Consultation highlights broad-based economic recovery in the Netherlands, which has been gathering speed. Real growth is forecast to reach 2.1 percent in 2016 owing to strong consumption and investment, reflecting improving confidence and rising housing prices, while net...

This paper presents an assessment of financial system stability in the Netherlands. The country is home to a global systemically important bank and a global systemically important insurer. The banking system comprises half of the financial sector and is concentrated in four domestic banks. Major...