This Selected Issues paper on Estonia examines impact of assessing competitiveness and exposure to shocks integrating … goods. However, like most European economies, Estonia is highly integrated into GVCs. This implies that assessments of … trade shocks accounting for the GVC participation in Estonia. The analysis using a REER index considering the GVC …

This 2016 Article IV Consultation highlights that Estonia's recent growth has been subdued. Labor productivity and …

convergence prospects with western Europe. This highlights the importance of making Estonia's pro-productivity policies a success …This Selected Issues paper examines the impact of fast unit labor cost (ULC) growth in Estonia. ULCs in Estonia have …, but in the nearer term the onus is on mitigating excessive wage growth because in this area, Estonia, together with the …

This 2018 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economy of Estonia is gathering steam after several years of …

This Selected Issues paper analyzes the drivers of wage growth and inflation in Estonia. The analysis reveals that the … role played by the inflation and inflation expectations in Estonia is different from those of the EU15. The impact of …

This 2019 Article IV Consultation with Estonia discusses that the outlook is favorable for the near term, however, for …-area average, consistent with Estonia's convergence process. Wages are rising, reflecting a tight labor market and skill shortages … at the high end of the labor market. Absent reforms to boost productivity and manage demographic challenges, however …