reports a set of world tariff facts for the 150 years between 1789 and 1938 that have not been well appreciated. First, tariff … industrially-lagging Europe, and more steeply even in Asia. Furthermore, after world tariff rates rose between 1865 and 1900, they … world tariff facts come from two sources: Stolper-Samuelson -- scarce factors should lobby for protection when exposed to …

This paper uses a new database to establish a key finding: high tariffs were associated with fast growth before World … controlling for novel measures of the changing world economic environment. Rejecting alternative explanations based on changing … head in a world environment characterized by a moderately higher level of generalized tariff protection. We confirm the …

This paper uses a new database to establish two findings covering the first globalization boom before World War I, the … second since World War II, and the autarkic interlude in between. First, there is strong evidence supporting a Tariff …-Growth Paradox: protection was associated with fast growth before World War II, while it was associated with slow growth thereafter …