with the ruling elite, which have strengthened and sustained the path. This means that the path is inherently inefficient … which is evidenced by a newly constructed dataset. Reform measures can only temporarily improve efficiency performance, but …

introduction of its doi moi (.renovation.) economic reform programme in 1986. The core of Vietnam.s economic strategy has been …

Central Asia and some Eastern European and Western Balkans countries. However, significant reform needs also remain in some …