between state security and human security, and (2) special difficulties in the pursuit of comprehensive empowerment to cope … supported comprehensive empowerment of individuals, communities, and public organizations to enhance their preparedness against … various risks, but there still remains a challenge because comprehensive empowerment is a formidable task that requires …

want, and freedom to live in dignity – as well as 2 approaches to human security – protection and empowerment– in its ODA …